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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Author Spotlight: Navigating Challenges and Innovations in Muscle Stem Cell Studies
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Responsible innovation in stem cell research: using responsibility as a strategy.

L S Assen1, K R Jongsma1, R Isasi2

  • 1Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands.

Regenerative Medicine
|February 16, 2023
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Summary

Clarifying responsibility in stem cell research is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine. Understanding different facets of responsibility, like accountability and virtue, informs ethical strategies and research organization.

Keywords:
RRIbioethicsethicsresponsibilityresponsible innovationstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Bioethics
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Responsible innovation is key to advancing regenerative medicine.
  • Guidelines frequently mention responsible research conduct and innovation.
  • The precise meaning and application of responsibility remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the concept of responsibility within stem cell research.
  • To demonstrate how clarifying responsibility can guide ethical strategies.
  • To move beyond research integrity towards broader responsible innovation.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of responsibility in research.
  • Dissection of responsibility into four categories: accountability, liability, obligation, and virtue.
  • Focus on responsible research conduct and innovation.

Main Results:

  • Responsibility can be understood as accountability, liability, obligation, or virtue.
  • Different interpretations of responsibility have distinct implications for organizing stem cell research.
  • A clearer concept of responsibility is needed for effective ethical management.

Conclusions:

  • Defining responsibility is essential for the ethical advancement of stem cell research.
  • The four identified categories of responsibility offer a framework for ethical considerations.
  • Applying these concepts can lead to more effective strategies for managing ethical implications in regenerative medicine.