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Has COVID-19 Changed Pediatric Acute Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology During the First 2 Pandemic Years?

Itai Hazan1, Oren Ziv2,3, Tal Marom2,3,4

  • 1From the Joyce and Irvin Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|February 16, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) burden significantly decreased during the first two years of coronavirus-19 (COVID). This study found a substantial, threefold higher reduction in ARS compared to urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The coronavirus-19 (COVID) pandemic introduced significant societal changes, including lockdowns and altered public health behaviors.
  • Understanding the impact of these changes on common pediatric infections like acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is crucial for public health planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze national pediatric acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) burden fluctuations before and during the initial two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To compare ARS trends with non-viral infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), to assess the pandemic's specific impact.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, population-based study utilized data from Israel's largest Health Maintenance Organization, covering three pre-COVID years and the first two COVID years.
  • Pediatric ARS and UTI episodes were identified and categorized by age and presentation date.
  • Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated comparing COVID years to pre-COVID averages, with seasonal variations analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A substantial reduction in pediatric ARS episodes was observed during the COVID years (IRR 0.36), a decrease threefold greater than that seen in UTIs (IRR 0.79).
  • The most significant decline in ARS burden occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • While ARS episodes showed seasonal peaks in summer during the COVID period, the overall distribution was year-round.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in the burden of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis.
  • The findings highlight the profound impact of pandemic-related measures on the epidemiology of common childhood infections.
Abstract

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