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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Histone Modification02:32

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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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Modulating epigenetic modifications for cancer therapy (Review).

Leonardo Josué Castro-Muñoz1, Elenaé Vázquez Ulloa2, Cecilia Sahlgren2

  • 1The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Oncology Reports
|February 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic drugs offer a promising avenue for cancer treatment by reversing epigenetic alterations and drug resistance. These therapies target DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, showing potential in clinical trials.

Keywords:
cancerepigenetic drugsepigenetic mechanismsnon‑coding RNAtherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Molecular Biology
  • Genetics and Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic alterations are early events in cancer development and progression.
  • Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are reversible, offering therapeutic opportunities.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators implicated in carcinogenesis.

Approach:

  • This review details central epigenetic aberrations in cancer.
  • It explains how epigenetic drugs (epidrugs) target DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs.
  • Clinical trials evaluating epidrugs, alone or combined with other therapies, are discussed.

Key Points:

  • Epigenetic drugs are promising targeted therapies and coadjuvants to overcome cancer drug resistance.
  • Epidrugs modulate DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA activity.
  • ncRNAs play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation and cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic drugs represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms, including ncRNAs, can reverse drug resistance in cancer patients.
  • Further clinical evaluation of epidrugs and ncRNA-based therapies is warranted.