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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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What happens when people develop dementia whilst working? An exploratory multiple case study.

Louise Nygard1, Ann-Charlotte Nedlund2, Anna Mäki Petäjä Leinonen3

  • 1Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

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|February 17, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how individuals with dementia navigate their work lives and the impact on their families. Findings highlight the importance of sensemaking and agency for those diagnosed with dementia in employment.

Keywords:
AccessibilityAlzheimer’s diseaseaccommodationagencycase studydisclosureearly onsetemploymentstigmasubjective experiences

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Occupational Health
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • Dementia diagnosis often leads to premature exit from paid employment.
  • Limited research exists on the lived experiences of individuals with dementia in the workplace.
  • Understanding the impact on both the individual and their significant others is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the experiences of individuals diagnosed with dementia while in paid employment.
  • To understand how work-related decisions and actions are experienced by individuals with dementia and their significant others.
  • To examine the consequences of dementia on an individual's working life.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative longitudinal case study design.
  • Inclusion of five participants with dementia and their chosen significant others.
  • Longitudinal interviews analyzed using Formal Data-Structure Analysis.

Main Results:

  • Dementia diagnosis acts as a double-edged trigger, influencing self-perceptions based on stereotypes.
  • Sensemaking and agency were critical factors in participants' experiences.
  • Societal perceptions of dementia significantly impacted individuals' work-life experiences.

Conclusions:

  • A dementia diagnosis can be alienating in a work context, potentially triggering self-fulfilling prophecies.
  • A paradigm shift is necessary from a deficit-based view to recognizing the agency of people with dementia.
  • Supporting individuals with dementia to make sense of their diagnosis and participate in decisions is vital for their well-being in employment.