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Cooling quantum systems reveals universal scaling laws for excitation density, reflecting quantum phase transition properties. These findings allow dynamic probing of quantum critical points at finite temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Condensed Matter Theory
  • Quantum Phase Transitions

Background:

  • Adiabatic processes are crucial for maintaining quantum states during system evolution.
  • Cooling quantum systems towards quantum critical points can lead to non-adiabatic dynamics.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key to controlling and characterizing quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the loss of adiabaticity during the cooling of many-body quantum systems towards a quantum critical point.
  • To identify universal scaling laws governing the excitation density during such cooling protocols.
  • To explore the possibility of dynamically probing quantum critical properties at finite temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of excitation density as a measure of non-adiabaticity.
  • Derivation of scaling laws for cooling velocity and temperature parameters.
  • Analytical validation using a Kitaev quantum wire model coupled to Markovian baths.

Main Results:

  • Excitation density follows universal scaling laws dependent on cooling velocity and temperatures.
  • These scaling laws are dictated by the critical exponents of the quantum phase transition.
  • The analytical model confirms the universality of these scaling laws.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum critical properties can be dynamically probed at finite temperatures without altering the system's control parameter.
  • The derived scaling laws provide a universal framework for understanding non-adiabatic dynamics near quantum critical points.
  • The findings offer new avenues for characterizing quantum phase transitions through dynamic measurements.