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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Characteristics of Fluids

Characteristics of Fluids

When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.

The Fluid Mosaic Model

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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

Published on: January 26, 2016

Glassy Dynamics in Chiral Fluids.

Vincent E Debets¹, Hartmut Löwen², Liesbeth M C Janssen¹

¹Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters

|February 17, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral active glasses exhibit complex dynamics, contrary to expectations. Rapidly spinning particles can fluidize dense chiral active solids through a novel "hammering" mechanism.

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Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

Physics
Soft Matter Physics
Active Matter

Background:

Chiral active matter is gaining interest due to particle asymmetries.
Chiral crystals have been observed, but active chiral glasses are unexplored.
A naive expectation is that interactions dominate glassy dynamics over active motion.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the largely unexplored dynamics of active chiral glasses.
Determine the relevance of active motion details in glassy dynamics.
Rationalize the complex dynamics observed in chiral active fluids.

Main Methods:

Studying the glassy dynamics of interacting chiral active Brownian particles.
Comparing dynamics to standard linear active fluids.
Analyzing dynamical regimes and identifying novel mechanisms.

Main Results:

Chiral active fluids exhibit highly nontrivial dynamics under glassy conditions.
Dynamics are significantly different compared to common active Brownian particles.
A new
hammering
mechanism was identified for rapidly spinning particles.

Conclusions:

Active motion details are crucial in chiral active glassy dynamics, contrary to expectations.
The
hammering
mechanism can fluidize dense chiral active solids.
A full rationalization of identified dynamical regimes was achieved.