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Related Concept Videos

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

76
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
76
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

185
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
185
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

535
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

105
The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

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Parietal alpha underlies slower cognitive responses during interference processing in adolescents.

Zihao Mo1, Gillian Grennan1, Atharv Kulkarni1

  • 1Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|February 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Adolescents show slower cognitive processing, especially with interference, compared to young adults. This is linked to distinct brain activity patterns in parietal regions during these tasks.

Keywords:
ConnectivityEEGEmotionInterference processingParietal alphaResponse speed

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Adolescence is a key developmental stage for cognitive control maturation.
  • Understanding age-related differences in cognitive functions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cognitive performance and neural activity between adolescents and young adults.
  • To investigate how cognitive control develops, particularly in interference processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cognitive assessments and simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy adolescents (13-17) and young adults (18-25).
  • Tasks included selective attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and emotional/non-emotional interference processing.
  • Analyzed EEG event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) focusing on alpha/beta and theta band activity.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents were significantly slower than young adults on interference processing tasks.
  • Adolescents exhibited greater parietal alpha/beta desynchronization and midline frontal theta activity during interference tasks.
  • Parietal alpha and frontoparietal connectivity predicted age-related speed differences in interference processing.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive control, particularly for interference processing, is still developing in adolescents.
  • Differential alpha band activity and frontoparietal connectivity are key neural predictors of these developmental changes.