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Related Concept Videos

Layers of the Heart Wall01:15

Layers of the Heart Wall

The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
The myocardium, the thickest layer, consists of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by intercalated discs and crisscrossing connective tissue fibers. These muscle fibers contract...

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Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
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Elastomeric Trilayer Substrates with Native-like Mechanical Properties for Heart Valve Leaflet Tissue Engineering.

Yuriy Snyder1, Soumen Jana1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|February 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New elastomeric trilayer leaflet substrates using poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) show promise for heart valve tissue engineering. These PCL/PLCL substrates mimic native tissue properties, enhancing cell growth and reducing calcification compared to non-elastomeric controls.

Keywords:
calcificationelastomerelectrospinningheart valve leaflettissue engineeringtrilayer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Heart valve leaflets possess complex anisotropic, elastomeric, and trilayered structures challenging to replicate.
  • Previous tissue engineering attempts used non-elastomeric biomaterials, failing to achieve native-like mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate elastomeric trilayer leaflet substrates using polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) for heart valve tissue engineering.
  • To compare the performance of PCL/PLCL substrates against PCL-only substrates in mimicking native valve mechanical properties and supporting cell growth.

Main Methods:

  • Electrospinning of PCL and PLCL copolymers to create elastomeric trilayer leaflet substrates.
  • Seeding substrates with porcine valvular interstitial cells (PVICs) and culturing for 1 month to form cell-cultured constructs.
  • Characterization of substrate properties (crystallinity, hydrophobicity, anisotropy, flexibility) and cell-cultured construct outcomes (proliferation, infiltration, ECM production, gene expression, calcification resistance).

Main Results:

  • PCL/PLCL substrates exhibited lower crystallinity and hydrophobicity, but higher anisotropy and flexibility compared to PCL substrates.
  • PCL/PLCL cell-cultured constructs demonstrated significantly enhanced PVIC proliferation, infiltration, extracellular matrix production, and superior gene expression.
  • PCL/PLCL constructs showed improved resistance to calcification compared to PCL constructs.

Conclusions:

  • Elastomeric trilayer PCL/PLCL leaflet substrates possess native-like mechanical and flexural properties crucial for heart valve tissue engineering.
  • These PCL/PLCL substrates significantly improve cell behavior and reduce calcification, offering a promising platform for developing functional heart valve replacements.