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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Lessons from immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis.

Marianna G Rispoli1, Maria D'Apolito1, Valeria Pozzilli1

  • 1Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|February 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precision medicine for multiple sclerosis (MS) uses advanced markers and patient data for tailored treatments. This approach aims to halt disease progression and improve patient care by considering individual biology and preferences.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCerebrospinal fluidDisease-modifying treatmentsInflammationMRIMachine learningMultiple sclerosisOmicsPersonalized medicineRehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Personalized Medicine
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and prognosis currently rely on clinical and paraclinical data.
  • Advanced magnetic resonance imaging and biofluid markers are crucial for improved MS monitoring and treatment strategies.
  • Current MS treatments primarily target neuroinflammation, with limited efficacy against neurodegeneration and silent progression.

Approach:

  • Integrating advanced neuroimaging and biofluid markers to classify MS patients based on underlying biology.
  • Developing personalized treatment strategies that consider drug selectivity, tolerability, safety, patient preferences, and lifestyle.
  • Utilizing biosensors and machine learning to create a 'virtual twin' for pre-application treatment trials.

Key Points:

  • Silent progression significantly contributes to MS disability, necessitating treatments beyond neuroinflammation.
  • Personalized medicine in MS requires a holistic approach, incorporating biological, clinical, and patient-reported data.
  • Advanced trial designs are needed to develop therapies that halt, repair, or protect against central nervous system damage.

Conclusions:

  • Precision medicine holds significant promise for improving multiple sclerosis care through personalized treatment strategies.
  • Integrating diverse data types via advanced technologies like biosensors and machine learning will enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.
  • Future research should focus on developing novel therapies and trial designs to address neurodegeneration and silent progression in MS.