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Vaccinomics: A scoping review.

Matthew Z Dudley1, Jennifer E Gerber2, Haley Budigan Ni3

  • 1Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Vaccine
|February 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human genetics significantly impacts vaccine response. This review highlights numerous genetic links to vaccine immunogenicity and safety, underscoring the potential of vaccinomics for developing better vaccines.

Keywords:
GenesGeneticsGenomicsVaccine immunogenicityVaccine safetyVaccinomics

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinomics
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Vaccinomics explores genetic influences on vaccine response.
  • Human genetic variations can affect how individuals respond to vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and collate known associations between human genetic heterogeneity and vaccine immunogenicity and safety.
  • To summarize the current state of research in vaccinomics.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of PubMed articles using terms for common vaccines, their effects, and genetics.
  • Included controlled studies with statistically significant genetic associations with vaccine immunogenicity or safety.
  • Included studies on Pandemrix® influenza vaccine due to its association with narcolepsy.

Main Results:

  • 214 articles were included, focusing on vaccine immunogenicity (most) and safety (few).
  • Numerous genetic determinants were linked to Hepatitis B, measles, rubella, and influenza vaccine immunogenicity.
  • Genetic associations were found with adverse events like narcolepsy and febrile seizures following vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • Significant genetic associations exist for vaccine immunogenicity and safety.
  • Most identified genetic associations were reported in single studies, indicating a need for further research and investment in vaccinomics.
  • Future research aims to identify risk signatures for adverse reactions or reduced immunogenicity, leading to safer, more effective vaccines.