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Emotional problems in preschool and school-aged children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Spain: EPINED

Paula Morales-Hidalgo1, Núria Voltas-Moreso2, Carmen Hernández-Martínez3

  • 1Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Psychology and Education Studies, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain; Interdisciplinary Research Network for the PROmotion of Mental Health and Wellness EMocional in Young People (Red PROEM), Spain.

Research in Developmental Disabilities
|February 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) experience high rates of emotional problems like anxiety and depression. Early intervention for these issues is crucial for improving outcomes in children with NDD.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) face a heightened risk of emotional difficulties.
  • Emotional problems are frequently observed alongside conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression in children with ASD and/or ADHD.
  • To explore the links between emotional problems and children's clinical/neuropsychological functioning, as well as parental mental health.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 295 preschoolers (4-5 years) and 486 school-aged children (10-11 years) in Spain.
  • NDD diagnoses followed DSM-5 criteria.
  • Emotional problems were evaluated using Achenbach's scales.

Main Results:

  • Emotional problems were more prevalent and severe in children with NDD compared to controls.
  • The school-aged group with both ASD and ADHD exhibited the highest rates of emotional problems.
  • In ADHD, emotional issues correlated with attention deficits (preschoolers) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (school-aged children).
  • In ASD+ADHD, emotional problems trended with repetitive behaviors and impaired working memory; in ASD, they linked to overall severity.

Conclusions:

  • Children with NDD are susceptible to emotional problems, which increase with age.
  • Addressing emotional difficulties early can significantly enhance the prognosis for children with NDD.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDASDChildrenCo-occurrenceEmotional problemsNeurodevelopmental disorders

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