Effect of FADS1 rs174556 Genotype on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Genomics
• Biochemistry
• Human Genetics

Background:

• Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status is crucial for cognitive development and metabolic health.
• Genetic variations in FADS genes, which control PUFA biosynthesis, influence PUFA levels.
• The FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism is a key area of interest for understanding PUFA status.

Approach:

• A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
• Literature searches were performed across major databases up to November 2022.
• Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, and random-effect meta-analysis determined correlations.

Key Points:

• The A-allele of FADS1 rs174556 was significantly negatively correlated with blood concentrations of Arachidonic Acid (AA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA).
• No significant association was found between the A-allele and Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) or Linoleic Acid (LA) overall.
• Subgroup analysis revealed the A-allele carriers had higher LA and lower AA, EPA, and DHA in blood samples, but not in breast milk.

Conclusions:

• The FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism is strongly associated with altered PUFA profiles in blood.
• Specifically, A-allele carriers exhibit lower levels of crucial long-chain PUFAs (AA, EPA, DHA) and higher LA in blood.
• These findings highlight the impact of genetic factors on individual PUFA status and have implications for nutritional interventions.