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Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions for Diabetes Prevention in the United States: A Scoping Review Using 24-Hour
Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh1, Claudia E Irazabal Lopez Henriquez1, Maritza Cantu1
1Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|July 8, 2026
Summary
Behavioral interventions effectively prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) by improving diet and physical activity. Common techniques include goal setting and social support, but more research is needed for diverse populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
- Diabetes Prevention
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is increasing globally.
- Behavioral interventions targeting diet and physical activity are recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for T2D prevention.
- Understanding effective intervention components is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and describe key features of efficacious behavioral interventions for diet and/or activity behaviors in adults.
- To analyze delivery modes and behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in successful interventions.
- To highlight gaps in research regarding population diversity.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until February 7, 2026.
- Searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE).
- Extracted data on intervention characteristics, target populations, delivery modes, and BCTs (Michie's taxonomy).
Main Results:
- Twenty-three trials involving 2,583 adults were included.
- Efficacious interventions often used individual-based formats, face-to-face, e-interventions, environmental, or combined delivery modes.
- Commonly used BCTs included goal setting, instruction, social support, and feedback.
- Most interventions targeted non-Hispanic White women aged 31-50 with some college education.
Conclusions:
- Digital and combined delivery modes are prevalent in effective behavioral interventions for T2D prevention.
- Goal setting, instruction, social support, and feedback are frequently employed BCTs.
- Limited representation of diverse populations in reviewed studies necessitates further research on intervention applicability and effectiveness across various demographic groups.
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