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Does prefrontal connectivity during task switching help or hinder children's performance?

Sina A Schwarze1, Corinna Laube2, Neda Khosravani1

  • 1Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children show greater task switching difficulties than adults, linked to less developed frontoparietal brain activity. Improved connectivity in children

Keywords:
ChildrenCognitive controlFrontoparietal networkFunctional connectivityIndividual differencesTask switching

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Flexible task switching is crucial for goal-directed behavior and develops throughout childhood.
  • Task switching difficulties in children may stem from inefficient sustained and transient control processes.
  • Frontoparietal regions, vital for control processes, mature during childhood, influencing task switching development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in frontoparietal region modulation during sustained and transient cognitive control demands.
  • To explore the relationship between brain activity, connectivity, and task switching performance in children and adults.

Main Methods:

  • Examined task switching performance and frontoparietal brain activity (fMRI) in children (8-11 years) and adults.
  • Assessed sustained and transient control demands using single-task and mixed-task blocks.
  • Analyzed functional connectivity between the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC).

Main Results:

  • Children exhibited greater performance costs than adults, particularly under sustained demand.
  • Children showed less upregulation of sustained and transient control activation in frontoparietal regions compared to adults.
  • Children displayed increased IFJ-lPFC connectivity from single to mixed blocks, with performance correlating with connectivity in relation to activation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Children's task switching abilities are less efficient than adults', reflecting developmental differences in frontoparietal control.
  • Individual differences in task switching performance in children are partly associated with the recruitment of frontoparietal regions.
  • Task switching development in later childhood involves adopting more adult-like recruitment and connectivity patterns within frontoparietal networks.