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Related Concept Videos

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

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Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also...
965
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
772
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

535
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Spasticity evaluation and management tools.

Ileana M Howard1,2, Atul T Patel3,4

  • 1Rehabilitation Care Services, Veterans Affairs Sound, Seattle, Washington, DC, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spasticity management requires early recognition and a multimodal approach combining various treatments. Comprehensive assessment using objective and patient-reported outcomes is crucial for effective spasticity care.

Keywords:
central nervous system diseaseschemodenervationmuscle spasticityoutcome assessmentpatient reported outcome measures

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Spasticity is a disabling symptom of upper motor neuron syndromes, often leading to secondary muscle and soft tissue changes.
  • Effective spasticity management necessitates early identification and intervention to prevent functional decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving definition and assessment of spasticity.
  • To explore the diverse therapeutic options available for spasticity management.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multimodal and patient-centered treatment strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on spasticity definition, assessment tools, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of quantitative and qualitative assessment methods, including electrodiagnostic, mechanical, and ultrasound measures.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and interventional treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Spasticity assessment is challenged by individual variability and the limitations of objective measures alone.
  • A combination of objective and patient-reported outcomes is essential for a comprehensive understanding of spasticity's functional impact.
  • A broad spectrum of treatments exists, ranging from exercise and physical modalities to oral medications, injections, pumps, and surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal spasticity management involves a multimodal strategy tailored to the patient's functional needs, goals, and preferences.
  • Healthcare providers must be knowledgeable about all available interventions and continuously reassess treatment efficacy.
  • Integrated care combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is key to improving patient outcomes in spasticity.