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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

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Implementing Opt-Out HIV Testing in the Alameda County Jails.

Samantha Feld1, Jessica Steele2, Shailey Klinedinst3

  • 1Sonoma County Probation Department, Santa Rosa, California, USA.

Journal of Correctional Health Care : the Official Journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Routine opt-out HIV testing in jails identified new cases and reconnected individuals to care. This strategy is vital for ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic, showing high positivity and successful linkage rates.

Keywords:
HIV testingcorrectional settingjaillinkage to carereengagement with care

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Correctional Healthcare

Background:

  • The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a significant public health challenge.
  • Correctional facilities are critical settings for addressing health disparities, including HIV.
  • Effective strategies are needed to identify and manage HIV cases within incarcerated populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the implementation and outcomes of routine opt-out HIV testing in Alameda County jails.
  • To identify newly diagnosed HIV cases and reengage individuals previously diagnosed but not in care.
  • To assess the linkage to care rates for individuals diagnosed with HIV through the program.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of an opt-out HIV testing protocol in Alameda County jails between 2012 and 2017.
  • Conducted 15,906 HIV tests over a 6-year period.
  • Tracked positivity rates and linkage to care within 90 days for newly diagnosed and out-of-care individuals.

Main Results:

  • A positivity rate of 0.55% was observed for both newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed but out-of-care individuals.
  • Nearly 80% of individuals who tested positive were successfully linked to care within 90 days.
  • The program demonstrated the effectiveness of opt-out testing in correctional settings.

Conclusions:

  • Routine opt-out HIV testing in correctional settings is an effective strategy for case identification and care linkage.
  • The high positivity and successful linkage rates highlight the importance of supporting such programs.
  • Correctional HIV testing programs are essential components of comprehensive efforts to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic.