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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
148
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
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Identifying Targets of Selection in Laboratory Evolution Experiments.

Artemiza A Martínez1, Gregory I Lang2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.

Journal of Molecular Evolution
|February 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive evolution uses chance and determinism to increase fitness. This study details methods for identifying genes under selection in evolved yeast populations using next-generation sequencing data.

Keywords:
AdaptationExperimental evolutionTargets of selectionWhole-genome sequencingYeast

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adaptive evolution involves stochastic processes (mutation, drift) and deterministic selection.
  • Parallelism in evolutionary outcomes suggests common genetic targets under selection.
  • Distinguishing beneficial from neutral/deleterious mutations is challenging due to genetic drift and hitchhiking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review best practices for identifying genetic targets of selection.
  • To present methods for analyzing next-generation sequencing data from evolved yeast populations.
  • To provide a framework applicable to broader evolutionary studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) data.
  • Analyzing evolved yeast populations.
  • Employing principles to distinguish selected mutations from background genetic variation.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific genes and pathways under selection in yeast populations.
  • Demonstrated the utility of NGS for tracking adaptive evolution.
  • Established criteria for robustly inferring selection from population genomics data.

Conclusions:

  • Best practices for identifying genetic targets of selection are crucial for understanding adaptation.
  • The presented methods offer a robust approach for evolutionary genomics.
  • The principles discussed have broad applicability beyond yeast systems.