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RSV through the COVID-19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future

Renato T Stein1, Heather J Zar2,3

  • 1Infant Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|February 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) significantly impacts global health, especially in young children. The COVID-19 pandemic altered RSV patterns, offering new insights for prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant global health challenge, particularly for children under five.
  • Current treatment options are limited to supportive care, with palivizumab available for high-risk infants.
  • RSV is tentatively linked to the development of asthma and wheezing in some children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the global burden and epidemiology of RSV.
  • To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on RSV seasonality and transmission dynamics.
  • To discuss how recent epidemiological shifts inform future RSV prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and epidemiological data on RSV.
  • Analysis of changes in RSV seasonality and incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Examination of the association between RSV and subsequent development of asthma or wheezing.

Main Results:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic and NPIs led to significant disruptions in typical RSV seasons, including absence and out-of-season surges.
  • These epidemiological shifts provide a unique opportunity to study RSV transmission patterns.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for refining public health responses and preventive measures.

Conclusions:

  • RSV remains a critical public health concern with evolving epidemiological patterns.
  • The pandemic-induced changes in RSV dynamics offer valuable lessons for respiratory virus control.
  • New data necessitate a re-evaluation of existing and future strategies for RSV prevention.

Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemicRSVchildrenepidemiologyhuman respiratory syncytial virus

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