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Related Experiment Videos

Controlling relations in conditional discrimination and matching by exclusion.

W J McIlvane1, J B Kledaras, L C Munson

  • 1Behavioral Neurology Department, E. K. Shriver Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|September 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Adults learned numeral and arbitrary matching tasks using a single comparison method. Training with punishment contingencies improved arbitrary matching but required multiple baseline comparisons for generalization.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Investigates the formation of arbitrary matching relations in adults.
  • Examines the role of sample-stimulus relations in arbitrary matching.
  • Builds upon existing research in stimulus control and generalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if arbitrary matching can be based on sample-S+ or sample-S- relations.
  • To identify training variables that promote generalization of arbitrary matching.
  • To assess the effectiveness of punishment contingencies in arbitrary matching tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a two-choice identity matching task for three-digit numerals.
  • Utilized a single comparison method for arbitrary matching of nonsense syllables.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Manipulated training contingencies, including punishment, to influence stimulus selection.

    • Main Results:

    • Arbitrary matching was demonstrated to be based on either sample-S+ or sample-S- relations.
    • Subjects initially excluded baseline comparison stimuli in novel probe trials.
    • Punishment contingencies were effective, but generalization required application across multiple baseline comparisons.

    Conclusions:

    • The single comparison method effectively established arbitrary matching relations.
    • Generalization of arbitrary matching is dependent on specific training parameters, particularly the use of multiple baseline comparisons with punishment.
    • Findings contribute to understanding the conditions necessary for establishing and generalizing complex learned associations.