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Predicting areas important for ecological connectivity throughout Canada.

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A new connectivity model effectively maps wildlife movement across Canada, aiding biodiversity conservation efforts. This approach helps prioritize land management for ecological connectivity and species protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Spatial Analysis

Background:

  • Global biodiversity decline necessitates urgent conservation and restoration of ecological connectivity.
  • Understanding species movement patterns is crucial for effective landscape management.
  • Existing connectivity models often lack a large-scale, multi-species approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if a single, upstream connectivity model can estimate functional connectivity for multiple terrestrial species across Canada.
  • To develop and validate a national-scale movement probability map.
  • To inform government land management decisions for biodiversity conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a movement cost layer using expert opinion on land cover features affecting terrestrial, non-volant fauna.
  • Employed Circuitscape for an omnidirectional connectivity analysis across Canada at 300 m resolution.
  • Validated model predictions using independent wildlife data, including GPS tracking and roadkill frequency.

Main Results:

  • The national connectivity map, representing mean current density, provided a seamless estimate of movement probability.
  • High current densities significantly correlated with long-distance movements of caribou, wolves, moose, and elk in western Canada.
  • Moose roadkill frequency in New Brunswick was positively associated with current density, though herpetofauna road mortality was not accurately predicted.

Conclusions:

  • An upstream modeling approach effectively characterizes functional connectivity for multiple species over large geographic areas.
  • The national connectivity map serves as a valuable tool for prioritizing land management actions to conserve ecological connectivity.
  • This approach supports national and regional biodiversity conservation strategies by identifying critical movement corridors.