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Pertussis epidemiology in Canada, 2005-2019
Disha Bhagat1, Myriam Saboui1, Grace Huang1
1Infectious Disease Program Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
Summary
Whooping cough (pertussis) disproportionately affects infants in Canada, with the highest incidence, hospitalization, and fatality rates occurring in those under one year old. Protecting infants through increased vaccination coverage in children and pregnant women is crucial.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Pertussis (whooping cough) is a vaccine-preventable respiratory illness caused by *Bordetella pertussis*.
- Canada introduced an adolescent booster dose of pertussis vaccine between 1999 and 2004.
- This study examines pertussis epidemiology in Canada post-adolescent acellular vaccination recommendation (2005-2019).
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the epidemiology of pertussis in Canada.
- To analyze incidence, hospitalization, and mortality trends.
- To identify high-risk populations for pertussis.
Main Methods:
- Utilized national surveillance data (Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System).
- Analyzed hospitalization data (Discharge Abstract Database) and mortality data (Statistics Canada).
- Incorporated vaccination coverage data from national surveys.
Main Results:
- 33,481 pertussis cases reported between 2005-2019; average incidence 6.4/100,000.
- Infants under one year had the highest incidence (68.7/100,000) and accounted for ~80% of 1,593 hospitalizations.
- All 17 pertussis deaths occurred in infants under one year.
Conclusions:
- Infants under one year face the highest burden of pertussis morbidity and mortality.
- Strategies to reduce transmission to unvaccinated infants are essential.
- Enhancing vaccine coverage in children and pregnant women is key to reducing disease impact.
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