An Anatomical Dissection Method for Observation of Fibrous Facial Structures

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Plastic Surgery
• Gross Anatomy

Background:

• Facial soft tissue support structures like the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and retaining ligaments are crucial but difficult to observe fully via standard dissection.
• Existing anatomical and plastic surgery literature lacks comprehensive descriptions of these facial fibrous structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To clarify the three-dimensional morphology of facial fibrous structures using a novel gross anatomical approach.
• To provide a method for enhanced visualization of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and retaining ligaments.

Main Methods:

• A novel technique involving gelatin fixation of facial tissue, sectioning (5-10 mm thick), and hyperextension of soft tissue via sutures.
• Utilized a surgical microscope to remove loose connective tissue and fat, enabling clear observation of underlying fibrous structures.

Main Results:

• The section thickness and tissue expansion allowed for clear three-dimensional observation of deep facial structures.
• Facial layers, fibrous components (SMAS, retaining ligaments), nerves, and vessels were readily discerned.
• The method facilitated intuitive identification of facial layer characteristics.

Conclusions:

• The developed dissection method offers a clear view of facial fibrous structures, beneficial for plastic surgery.
• This technique provides foundational data for analyzing age- and gravity-related soft tissue changes, aiding anti-aging medicine development.