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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

The Floating Lab: Standard Operational Procedure for Collecting and Filtering Seawater Samples from Operating Ferries for Environmental DNA Analysis

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Published on: August 1, 2025

Across the North Sea and beyond.

Carles Lalueza-Fox¹

¹Natural Sciences Museum of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Barcelona, Spain.

Trends in Genetics : TIG

|February 23, 2023

Summary

Ancient Viking genomes reveal diverse ancestries and cosmopolitanism across North Sea regions. Mobility patterns significantly shaped genetic landscapes during this historical period.

Area of Science:

Genetics
Archaeology
History

Background:

The Viking Age (c. 790–1066 AD) is often characterized by expansion and trade.
Understanding the genetic underpinnings of Viking Age populations is crucial for reconstructing past societies.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze ancient genomes from the Viking period across North Sea regions.
To investigate the genetic diversity and population movements during the Viking Age.

Main Methods:

High-throughput sequencing of ancient DNA (aDNA).
Analysis of genomic data to infer ancestry and population structure.
Geographic and temporal mapping of genetic findings.

Main Results:

Ancient genomes demonstrate a complex tapestry of genetic ancestries within Viking Age populations.

Keywords:

Scandinavia Viking period cosmopolitanism migration paleogenomics

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Evidence suggests significant gene flow and admixture across North Sea regions.

Distinct mobility patterns correlate with observed genetic variations.

Conclusions:

The Viking period was characterized by greater genetic cosmopolitanism than previously understood.
Mobility patterns were a key driver of genetic exchange and population dynamics.
Ancient genomics provides unprecedented insights into the interconnectedness of Viking Age societies.