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Single-Heuristic Reasoning: Is It Still Dual-Process?

Pavle Valerjev1, Marin Dujmović2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.

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|February 24, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conflict between heuristic reasoning processes slows decision-making and reduces confidence, supporting dual-process theory. This study introduces a new method to explore how competing heuristics impact reasoning and metacognition.

Keywords:
conflict detectiondual-process theoryheuristicsintuitive reasoninglogical intuitionsmeta-reasoningreasoningsingle-process reasoning

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Traditional reasoning research contrasts heuristic and analytical processes.
  • Conflict between these processes typically increases reasoning time and decreases accuracy and confidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reasoning and metacognition when a single heuristic process cues multiple responses.
  • To explore how conflict between similar heuristic processes affects decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Base Rate neglect task was used in two experiments.
  • Participants responded to scenarios where one belief-based heuristic competed with another of the same type.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1: Conflict between cued responses did not affect meta-reasoning, suggesting a single process default.
  • Experiment 2: When response strength imbalances were controlled, conflict led to longer reasoning times and lower confidence.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide robust evidence for the dual-process account of reasoning.
  • Introduces a novel methodological approach for studying reasoning conflict.
  • Suggests conflict modulation plays a role in reasoning processes.