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Related Concept Videos

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
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Environmentally Mediated Health Disparities.

Marilyn V Howarth1, Arnold R Eiser1

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Summary

Environmental exposures like lead, arsenic, pesticides, and air pollution disproportionately harm marginalized communities, leading to significant health disparities. Addressing local environmental hazards is crucial for improving medical care and health outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities Research

Background:

  • Environmental exposures are significant social determinants of health.
  • Disproportionate impacts of environmental hazards on vulnerable populations are well-documented.
  • Specific geographic and demographic groups face unique environmental risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight key environmental exposures linked to disease disparities.
  • To identify specific populations disproportionately affected by environmental hazards.
  • To underscore the connection between environmental factors and health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on environmental exposures and health outcomes.
  • Identification of specific environmental contaminants (e.g., lead, arsenic, pesticides, VOCs, air pollutants).
  • Analysis of demographic and geographic data correlating with exposure risks.

Main Results:

  • Urban Black populations face disproportionate lead exposure.
  • Native Americans experience exposure to arsenic and radionuclides.
  • Latino farmworkers are highly exposed to pesticides and herbicides, linked to various diseases.
  • Rural poor communities are exposed to volatile organic compounds and heavy metals from hydraulic fracturing.
  • Both urban and rural poor populations suffer from air pollution, increasing risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
  • Communities like 'Cancer Alley' show a clustering of industrial sources and cancer incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors significantly contribute to health disparities across diverse populations.
  • Targeted interventions addressing local environmental hazards are essential for mitigating health inequities.
  • Understanding these environmental risks can improve the quality and equity of medical care.