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Differences in Peak Knee Flexor Force between Eccentric-Only and Combined Eccentric-Concentric Nordic Hamstring

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The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) can prevent hamstring injuries. Eccentric-concentric NHE may complement eccentric-only NHE and force plate assessment offers a viable alternative to load cells for measuring knee flexor force.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Hamstring strain injuries are prevalent in sports.
  • The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is effective in reducing hamstring injury risk.
  • Current research primarily uses eccentric-only NHE, while sports practice often involves eccentric-concentric variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare peak knee flexor force between eccentric-only NHE (ENHE) and eccentric-concentric NHE (ECNHE).
  • To assess the correlation between hamstring force measured at the ankle (load cell) and about the knee joint (force plate) during NHE.
  • To explore alternative methods for assessing NHE strength.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen elite athletes performed ENHE and ECNHE.
  • Peak knee flexor force was measured using both an ankle-mounted load cell and a knee-joint-mounted force plate.
  • A linear encoder tracked the range of motion.

Main Results:

  • Ankle force differed significantly between ENHE and ECNHE (678 N vs. 600 N), while knee joint force did not (640 N vs. 607 N).
  • ECNHE required 37% less forward movement to reach peak force compared to ENHE.
  • Very strong correlations (r=0.96-0.99) were found between ankle and knee joint force measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Eccentric-concentric NHE may be a valuable addition to hamstring injury rehabilitation and prevention programs.
  • Force plate assessment at the knee joint presents a potential alternative to traditional load cell measurements at the ankle for NHE strength testing.
  • Understanding the biomechanical differences between NHE variations can optimize training and rehabilitation strategies.