Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

76
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
76
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

165
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
165
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

94
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
94
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

88
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
88
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

184
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
184

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Role of Immersive Experience in Anxiety Reduction: Evidence from Virtual Reality Sessions.

Brain sciences·2025
Same author

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Asian Exercise Techniques and Various Physical Activity Interventions in Middle and Late Adulthood Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis.

Journal of aging and physical activity·2025
Same author

Cognitive Reserve and Frontotemporal Disorders: Exploring the Relationship Between Education, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults.

Perceptual and motor skills·2024
Same author

The Effect of Social Relationships on the Well-Being and Happiness of Older Adults Living Alone or with Relatives.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Burnout and Mental Interventions among Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Studies.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2022
Same author

Coenzyme Q10 Levels Associated With Cognitive Functioning and Executive Function in Older Adults.

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Risk Decision Making and Executive Function among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Francisco Marquez-Ramos1, David Alarcon1, Josue G Amian1

  • 1Department of Social Anthropology, Psychology and Public Health, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera Utrera Km 1, Building 11, 41013 Seville, Spain.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Adolescents make riskier decisions than adults due to less mature executive functions (EF). Better EF, indicated by fewer errors on cognitive tasks, correlates with improved decision-making, supporting the dual theory of decision-making.

Keywords:
Iowa Gambling Taskadolescentdecision-makingdual system modelexecutive functionrisk behavior

More Related Videos

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.2K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.2K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • The dual theory posits decision-making involves affective and executive function (EF) systems.
  • Adolescence is a critical period for the development of these systems.
  • Understanding age-related differences in decision-making and EF is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the relationship between decision-making and EF in early adolescents and young adults.
  • To investigate how affective impulse and cognitive control influence risky choices.
  • To test the dual theory's hypothesis regarding age-related differences in decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • 140 participants (early adolescents and young adults) in Spain.
  • Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess risky decision-making.
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) to measure executive function (EF).

Main Results:

  • Adolescents scored lower on the IGT than young adults, indicating riskier decisions.
  • Perseverative errors on the WCST were negatively associated with IGT performance.
  • Adolescents made more risky decisions, neglecting long-term consequences compared to adults.

Conclusions:

  • Both adolescents and adults use trial and error for ambiguous decisions.
  • Maturation of executive function (EF) with age explains differences in risky decision-making.
  • Findings support the dual theory's framework for understanding adolescent decision-making.