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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Related Experiment Video

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Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling
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An In Vivo Platform for Rebuilding Functional Neocortical Tissue.

Alexandra Quezada1,2, Claire Ward1, Edward R Bader3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel platform for testing neocortical tissue prototypes in vivo. Transplanted neurons successfully integrated, formed functional circuits, and responded to stimuli, demonstrating potential for brain repair.

Keywords:
layeringneocortextissue replacementtransplantvascularization

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Perspectives on Neuroscience
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cortical stem cell transplantation shows promise for brain repair.
  • Current models lack functional integration and proper cytoarchitecture of transplanted neurons.
  • Graft limitations include missing cell types, abnormal proportions, and poor vascularization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To devise and validate an in vivo transplant platform for testing neocortical tissue prototypes.
  • To assess the functional integration and cytoarchitecture of transplanted neuronal precursors.
  • To establish a proof-of-concept for developing and testing neocortical tissue in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Dissociated mouse embryonic telencephalic cells were transplanted into adult mouse cortices using a liquid scaffold.
  • The platform allowed for the organization of cells into layers and assessment of graft vascularization.
  • Electrophysiological activity and host integration of donor neurons were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Transplanted neuronal precursors differentiated into functional upper and deep layer neurons.
  • Grafts exhibited synaptic connections, projected to appropriate brain areas, and responded to visual stimuli.
  • Grafts achieved normal densities of interneurons and oligodendrocytes, were fully vascularized, and integrated into host circuitry.

Conclusions:

  • The developed platform enables the creation and testing of neocortical-like tissue prototypes in vivo.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of previous models, demonstrating functional integration of transplanted neurons.
  • The study provides a proof-of-concept for a new paradigm in regenerative neuroscience for brain repair.