Engineered Biosensors for Diagnosing Multidrug Resistance in Microbial and Malignant Cells

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Molecular Biology
• Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

• Antimicrobial and antineoplastic drugs target pathogen and tumor growth.
• Multidrug resistance (MDR) emerges as cells evolve mechanisms to evade drug effects.
• MDR necessitates advanced diagnostic approaches due to treatment complexities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current landscape of multidrug resistance (MDR).
• To explore recent trends in biosensor design for MDR detection.
• To highlight the application of biosensors in identifying MDR microorganisms and tumors.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of genotypic and phenotypic changes associated with drug resistance.
• Review of conventional clinical techniques (culturing, sequencing, MRI) for MDR determination.
• Focus on the engineering and application of advanced biosensors for rapid detection.

Main Results:

• Conventional MDR detection methods are time-consuming and not easily scalable for point-of-care use.
• Biosensors offer a promising alternative with low detection limits and high versatility.
• Engineered biosensors provide quick, reliable, and convenient results for MDR identification.

Conclusions:

• Biosensors represent a significant advancement over traditional methods for detecting multidrug resistance.
• The versatility and speed of biosensors facilitate improved management of MDR cases.
• Future directions emphasize the development of biosensors for point-of-care and mass-detection applications.