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Random and Systematic Errors01:20

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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
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Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Correcting Coherent Errors by Random Operation on Actual Quantum Hardware.

Gabriele Cenedese1,2, Giuliano Benenti1,2,3, Maria Bondani4

  • 1Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding quantum computing errors is key for better hardware. This study found coherent errors dominate and showed a method to correct them, improving quantum computation reliability.

Keywords:
NISQ devicesquantum computingquantum error correctionrandom quantum circuits

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices are limited by errors.
  • Characterizing and mitigating these errors is crucial for advancing quantum hardware performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dominant noise mechanisms affecting quantum computation.
  • To develop and test a method for mitigating coherent errors in quantum processors.

Main Methods:

  • Performed full quantum process tomography on single qubits in a real quantum processor.
  • Implemented echo experiments to analyze noise sources.
  • Introduced random single-qubit unitaries to correct coherent errors.

Main Results:

  • Identified coherent errors as a dominant noise source, beyond standard error models.
  • Demonstrated practical correction of coherent errors.
  • Significantly extended the reliable computation length on actual quantum hardware.

Conclusions:

  • Coherent errors play a critical role in quantum computation on NISQ devices.
  • The proposed error mitigation technique enhances the reliability and scalability of quantum computations.