Enacted Stigma in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Italian Phenomenological Study

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract that has a profound impact on the quality of life of those afflicted with it. The scientific literature shows how the quality of life of people with IBD influences and is influenced by the clinical manifestations of the disease. Strongly connected with excretory functions, which have always been taboo in society, these clinical manifestations can lead to stigmatizing behaviours. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of the enacted stigma of people with IBD through Cohen's phenomenological method. Two main themes (stigma in the workplace and stigma in social life) and one subtheme (stigma in love life) emerged from the data analysis. The data analysis revealed that stigma is associated with a multitude of negative health outcomes for the people targeted by it and can add to the already complex physical, psychological and social burdens endured by people with IBD. Having a better understanding of the stigma attached to IBD will facilitate the development of care and training interventions that can improve the quality of life of people suffering from IBD.