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Updated: Aug 9, 2025
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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
Published on: November 21, 2014
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CD99 and the Chicken Alloantigen D Blood System
Janet E Fulton1, Wiola Drobik-Czwarno2, Ashlee R Lund1
1Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA 50063, USA.
Genes
|February 25, 2023
Summary
Researchers identified the chicken CD99 gene as responsible for the D blood system, a key red blood cell alloantigen. This finding advances understanding of chicken immunology and genetics.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Avian Biology
- Molecular Genetics
Background:
- The chicken D blood system is one of 13 red blood cell alloantigen systems.
- Previous studies localized the D blood system to chicken chromosome 1, but the specific gene remained unidentified.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the candidate gene responsible for the chicken D blood system alloantigen.
- To investigate the genetic basis of red blood cell alloantigen variation in chickens.
Main Methods:
- Utilized genome sequence data from diverse chicken lines and DNA samples with known D alleles.
- Performed genome-wide association analyses using SNP chips.
- Assessed cell surface expression and exonic non-synonymous SNPs to pinpoint the candidate gene.
Main Results:
- Genome-wide association analysis revealed a significant peak on chicken chromosome 1 (125-131 Mb).
- The chicken CD99 gene demonstrated co-segregation between SNP-defined haplotypes and serologically defined D blood system alleles.
- CD99 protein's role in leukocyte migration and T-cell adhesion suggests its involvement in immune responses.
Conclusions:
- The chicken CD99 gene is identified as the candidate gene for the D blood system.
- This discovery provides a molecular basis for the chicken D blood system and its role in immune function.
- CD99's evolutionary relationship to human genes highlights conserved biological functions.
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