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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

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Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
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The Proteasome Structure01:17

The Proteasome Structure

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The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a well-known mechanism utilized by eukaryotic cells to remove cytoplasmic proteins that are misfolded, damaged, or no longer needed. In this pathway, the protein that needs to be eliminated undergoes a process called ubiquitination, where a chain of ubiquitin molecules is attached to the 48th lysine residue of the target protein. This ubiquitin modification helps the proteasome distinguish between a target protein and a healthy protein.
The proteasome is an...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
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Eukaryotic Ribosomal Protein S5 of the 40S Subunit: Structure and Function.

Lijuan Qiu1, Wen Chao1, Shan Zhong1

  • 1Experimental Teaching Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ribosomal protein RPS5 is crucial for translation and has non-ribosomal roles. This study explores eukaryotic RPS5 structure, 18S rRNA binding, and its potential as a therapeutic target for liver disease and cancer.

Keywords:
cancerfunctionliver diseaseribosomal protein S5translation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosomal protein RPS5 is essential for translation.
  • Eukaryotic RPS5 structure and function are less understood than its prokaryotic counterpart.
  • RPS5 has known roles in translation and emerging non-ribosomal functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure and molecular mechanisms of eukaryotic RPS5.
  • To elucidate RPS5 binding to 18S rRNA.
  • To explore RPS5's role in translation initiation and its potential as a therapeutic target in diseases like liver disease and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of RPS5.
  • Biochemical assays to study RPS5-rRNA interactions.
  • Investigation of RPS5 function in cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • Detailed structural insights into eukaryotic RPS5.
  • Characterization of RPS5 binding to 18S rRNA.
  • Identification of RPS5's role in translation initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic RPS5 structure and 18S rRNA binding are critical for its function.
  • RPS5 is implicated in liver disease and cancer, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.