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Vaccines and Autoimmunity-From Side Effects to ASIA Syndrome.

Isa Seida1, Ravend Seida1, Abdulrahman Elsalti1

  • 1International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|February 25, 2023
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Vaccine side effects, including autoimmune reactions, are possible due to immune system stimulation. This paper reviews the mechanisms of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) and its link to various vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines.

Keywords:
ASIACOVID-19adjuvanthepatitis B vaccineinfluenza vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Vaccines, as manufactured chemical compounds, can elicit side effects, including autoimmune reactions due to immune system stimulation.
  • Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) unifies previously reported vaccine-related autoimmune side effects.
  • Understanding vaccine-induced autoimmunity is crucial for safety and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of vaccine side effects, focusing on autoimmune manifestations.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA).
  • To identify vaccines associated with ASIA, including recent mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on vaccine side effects and autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking vaccine components (e.g., adjuvants) to autoimmune responses.
  • Examination of reported cases and epidemiological data concerning ASIA and vaccine association.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune-related side effects following vaccination have been historically documented, particularly with adjuvant-containing vaccines.
  • ASIA provides a framework for understanding a spectrum of autoimmune phenomena post-vaccination.
  • Recent advancements in vaccine technology, such as mRNA vaccines, are also being evaluated for potential links to ASIA.

Conclusions:

  • The occurrence of autoimmune side effects following vaccination is a recognized phenomenon.
  • ASIA serves as a critical concept for organizing research and improving vaccine safety.
  • Further investigation into vaccine-adjuvant interactions and immune responses is necessary for developing safer and more effective vaccines.