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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

A Simple and Efficient Approach to Construct Mutant Vaccinia Virus Vectors
Published on: October 30, 2016
Vaccine-induced strain replacement: theory and real-life implications
Naim Mahroum1, Birnur Sinem Karaoglan1, Enes Sedat Ulucam2
1International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract:
The value of preventive medicine is superior to treatment with vaccinations occupying high priority. Nevertheless, heavy pressure has started to form in regard to strains not included in vaccines contributing to the changing epidemiology of pathogen subtypes leading to 'vaccine-induced strain replacement'. Among other mechanisms, increasing fitness of nonvaccine strains and metabolic shifts in the subtypes have been described. Classical examples include pneumococcal infections and viral diseases, such as the human papilloma virus. Recently, it has been described in SARS-CoV-2, leading to the emergence of new subtypes, such as Omicron and Delta variants. The phenomenon has also been reported in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria meningitidis and rotavirus. This study addresses the concepts, examples and implications of this phenomenon.
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