Validation of ELISAs for Isoflavones and Enterolactone for Phytoestrogen Intake Assessment in the French Population

Phytoestrogens are dietary compounds with low estrogenic activity. The two main categories in the French diet are isoflavones from pulses and enterolignans metabolized by the gut flora from various lignans found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and beverages. Isoflavones and lignans have different effects on human physiology and can antagonize each other. Comprehensive lists of phytoestrogen sources were constructed based on measurements and literature data. The 24 h and 48 h dietary recalls were proposed to the volunteers of the ISOLED cohort (NCT03421184). Urine and plasma samples from these volunteers were assayed for genistein, daidzein, equol, and enterolactone. A dietary score was constructed considering the pharmacokinetic characteristics of these compounds. Correlation analyses were applied to fluid concentrations associated with dietary scores. Pearson correlations reached 0.921 (p < 0.001) for urine, 0.900 (p < 0.001) for plasma, 0.764 (p < 0.001) for urine, and 0.723 (p < 0.001) for plasma. ELISAs associated with careful intake assessments proved to be good tools for phytoestrogens' exposure estimation.