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Mid-infrared single-pixel imaging at the single-photon level.

Yinqi Wang1, Kun Huang2,3,4, Jianan Fang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.

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|February 25, 2023
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Researchers developed a novel mid-infrared (MIR) single-photon imaging technique using a single silicon detector and sum-frequency generation. This method enables sensitive MIR imaging under challenging conditions, overcoming limitations of traditional sensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Computational Imaging
  • Infrared Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Single-pixel cameras offer cost and durability advantages over multi-pixel sensors for mid-infrared (MIR) imaging.
  • Existing MIR single-pixel imaging is limited by the need for high-sensitivity detectors and spatial modulators.
  • Applications in industrial inspection and biomedical diagnosis require advanced MIR imaging capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate mid-infrared (MIR) single-photon computational imaging using a single-element silicon detector.
  • To overcome the limitations of photon-sparse imaging in the MIR spectrum.
  • To develop a sensitive and cost-effective imaging solution for challenging infrared applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nonlinear structured detection with sum-frequency generation to imprint encoded pump patterns onto MIR images.
  • Employed spectral translation to convert MIR radiation to the visible region for upconversion detection.
  • Applied compressed sensing and deep learning algorithms for image reconstruction under sub-Nyquist sampling and low photon counts.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated MIR single-photon computational imaging with a single-element silicon detector.
  • Achieved image reconstruction under photon-starving illumination and sub-Nyquist sampling.
  • Showcased single-pixel simplicity, single-photon sensitivity, and room-temperature operation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed single-pixel upconversion imaging paradigm offers a new approach for sensitive imaging in the mid-infrared and beyond.
  • This technique addresses the accessibility challenges of high-sensitivity detectors and spatial modulators at longer infrared wavelengths.
  • The method paves the way for advanced MIR imaging in industrial and biomedical fields.