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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
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The diabetic lung.

Viny Kantroo1, Atulya Atreja2, Saptarshi Bhattacharya3

  • 1Department of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|February 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and lung health. Understanding these connections is crucial for managing both conditions effectively, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, obstructive sleep apnoea.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical link between diabetes and pulmonary health.
  • Poorly controlled diabetes is known to exacerbate COVID-19 outcomes.
  • A complex interplay exists where diabetes affects the lungs and vice versa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted associations between the respiratory system and diabetes.
  • To review how diabetes impacts lung function and vice versa.
  • To examine the influence of medications on both conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of the impact of diabetes on pulmonary syndromes.
  • Examination of medication effects on lung and glycemic status.

Main Results:

  • The lung can be a target organ in diabetes, and diabetes can be part of pulmonary syndromes.
  • Diabetes can influence metabolic complications and affect glycaemic status.
  • Medications for diabetes may have adverse pulmonary effects, while some improve respiratory function.

Conclusions:

  • A strong bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes and lung disease.
  • Combined management strategies are necessary for patients with both conditions.
  • Further research into therapeutic interventions that benefit both systems is warranted.