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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
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Molecular Damage in Aging.

Vadim N Gladyshev1, Stephen B Kritchevsky2, Steven G Clarke3,4

  • 1Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Nature Aging
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular metabolism causes molecular damage, a key factor in aging. New omics methods can measure this damage, aiding research into human aging and interventions to slow it.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and molecular biology.
  • Focuses on the molecular underpinnings of the aging process.

Background:

  • Cellular metabolism inherently produces molecular damage.
  • Accumulated damage is a primary driver of aging phenotypes.
  • Assessing diverse molecular damage forms in humans has been challenging.

Approach:

  • Omics technologies offer a comprehensive approach to measure age-related molecular damage.
  • These methods assess damage across various biological levels: small molecules, proteins, RNA, DNA, organelles, and cells.
  • The review synthesizes theoretical models and experimental strategies for damage assessment.

Key Points:

  • Molecular damage manifests in diverse forms, complicating aging research.
  • Omics approaches enable large-scale assessment of age-related molecular damage.
  • Understanding damage is crucial for studying human aging outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Measuring diverse molecular damage is essential for understanding human aging.
  • This forms a basis for developing interventions to mitigate aging.
  • New strategies can potentially slow aging and reduce its associated health consequences.