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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Beauty and the beast: host microRNA-155 versus SARS-CoV-2.

K I Papadopoulos1, A Papadopoulou2, T C Aw3,4

  • 1THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd., Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand. kostas@thaistemlife.co.th.

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|February 27, 2023
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MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) plays a protective role in COVID-19 by regulating the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and enhancing antiviral responses. Dysregulation of miR-155 is linked to severe COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2ErythropoietinMicroRNA-155Renin-angiotensin aldosterone systemSevere acute respiratory coronavirus 2

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection presents differently in young, healthy individuals versus the elderly or those with comorbidities.
  • The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and microRNA-155 (miR-155) are implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis and cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mechanism for miR-155's role in modulating RAAS and cardiovascular phenotypes during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting miR-155 for COVID-19 treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miR-155, RAAS, and viral infections.
  • Analysis of miR-155's regulatory targets, including AGRT1, Arginase-2, Ets-1, AT1R, BACH1, and SOCS1.
  • Correlation of miR-155 levels with disease severity and outcomes in various conditions.

Main Results:

  • MiR-155 promotes balanced RAAS activity, enhances erythropoietin (EPO) secretion, and supports antiviral responses by repressing specific genes.
  • Disrupted miR-155 function, particularly concerning the AT1R +1166C allele, is associated with adverse cardiovascular events and severe COVID-19.
  • Elevated miR-155 in thalassemia may confer cardiovascular protection and resistance to infections like SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions:

  • MiR-155 is a critical modulator of cardiovascular and antiviral responses, influencing COVID-19 severity.
  • Pharmaceutical strategies targeting miR-155 could offer novel therapeutic avenues for managing COVID-19 and related complications.