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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Related Experiment Video

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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Clostridioides difficile infection: traversing host-pathogen interactions in the gut.

Jeffrey K J Cheng1, Meera Unnikrishnan1

  • 1Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

Microbiology (Reading, England)
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) thrives when antibiotics disrupt gut bacteria, allowing it to colonize. This review explores how CDI exploits the gut microbiota and host for infection and persistence.

Keywords:
virulenceClostridioides difficile infectionhost-pathogen interactionpathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea.
  • Antibiotic use disrupts the gut microbiota, reducing colonization resistance and facilitating C. difficile proliferation.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on C. difficile pathogenesis.
  • It examines the bacterium's interactions with the gut microbiota and host epithelium.
  • Virulence factors, host responses, and immune pathways are discussed.

Key Points:

  • C. difficile colonization is facilitated by antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.
  • The review details C. difficile virulence factors essential for adhesion, damage, and persistence.
  • Host immune responses and cellular pathways triggered during infection are outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding C. difficile-host-microbiota interactions is crucial for combating CDI.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview for researchers and clinicians.
  • Targeting these interactions may offer novel therapeutic strategies.