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The Force-Velocity Profile for Jumping: What It Is and What It Is Not
Maarten F Bobbert1, Kolbjørn Lindberg, Thomas Bjørnsen
1Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, THE NETHERLANDS.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|February 27, 2023
Summary
The force-velocity profile, used to assess lower extremity mechanics, does not accurately reflect the intrinsic force-velocity relationship. This method is task-specific and provides an arbitrary estimate rather than true intrinsic characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Human Movement Science
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Force-velocity profiling is a proposed method to determine lower extremity mechanical properties.
- It involves plotting work against push-off velocity from jumps at various loads and extrapolating to estimate maximal force and velocity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if the force-velocity profile relates to the intrinsic force-velocity relationship of the lower extremities.
- To determine the validity of force-velocity profiling in representing underlying muscle mechanics.
Main Methods:
- Utilized simulation models of varying complexity, from simple mass-spring systems to detailed musculoskeletal models.
- Determined the intrinsic force-velocity relationship by maximizing effective work during isokinetic lower extremity extensions at different velocities.
Main Results:
- Jumping tasks yield less effective work than isokinetic extensions at the same average velocity.
- The intrinsic force-velocity relationship is curved, making linear fitting and extrapolation arbitrary.
- Maximal force and velocity derived from profiles are interdependent and influenced by system inertia.
Conclusions:
- The force-velocity profile is task-specific and represents the relationship between effective work and estimated average velocity.
- It does not accurately represent the intrinsic force-velocity relationship of the lower extremities.
- The method's reliance on arbitrary estimations limits its ability to capture fundamental mechanical properties.
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