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Related Concept Videos

G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

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G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
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Physiological Condition-Dependent Changes in Ciliary GPCR Localization in the Brain.

Kathryn M Brewer1, Staci E Engle1, Ruchi Bansal1

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.

Eneuro
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary cilia are crucial for neuron signaling. This study shows G-protein-coupled receptor localization to cilia changes dynamically in the mouse brain, impacting feeding behavior.

Keywords:
G-protein-coupled receptorsaccumbensfeeding behaviorhypothalamusobesityprimary cilia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Primary cilia are vital cellular structures involved in diverse signaling pathways, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS).
  • G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are preferentially localized to cilia, mediating critical neuronal functions like feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.
  • While model systems suggest dynamic cilia changes are key for GPCR signaling, their in vivo relevance in mammals remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic in vivo localization of neuronal G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to primary cilia in the mammalian brain.
  • To examine whether physiological conditions associated with GPCR functions, such as feeding behavior, influence cilia length, receptor occupancy, and cilia frequency.
  • To assess melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) and neuropeptide-Y receptor 2 (NPY2R) as mammalian models for ciliary GPCR dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computer-assisted, high-throughput analysis of cilia in the mouse brain.
  • Quantified cilia frequency, length, and receptor occupancy for MCHR1 and NPY2R under varying physiological conditions.
  • Focused analysis on specific brain regions relevant to feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • Observed condition-dependent changes in ciliary length, receptor occupancy, and cilia frequency for one of the assessed GPCRs (MCHR1 or NPY2R) in specific brain regions.
  • Demonstrated that these dynamic changes were receptor- and cell-type specific.
  • Found no significant changes for the other assessed GPCR under the tested conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) localization to primary cilia is a receptor- and cell-specific phenomenon in the mammalian brain.
  • These findings suggest that individual GPCR properties and cellular context dictate ciliary localization dynamics.
  • Understanding these subcellular dynamics could uncover novel molecular mechanisms regulating feeding behavior and other physiological processes.