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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
Published on: September 5, 2014
Designed Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Mini Review
Pham Thi Phan1, Qui Thanh Hoai Ta2, Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen3
1Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa 810000, Vietnam.
Abstract:
Covalent organic frameworks are porous crystals of polymers with two categories based on their covalent linkages: layered structures with two dimensions and networks with three-dimensional structures. Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are porous, have large surface areas, and have highly ordered structures. Since covalent bonds are responsible for the formation of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks, their synthesis has been a challenge and different structures are generated during the synthesis. Moreover, initially, their topologies have been limited to dia, ctn, and bor which are formed by the condensation of triangular or linear units with tetrahedral units. There are very few building units available for their synthesis. Finally, the future perspective of 3D COFs has been designated for the future development of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.
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