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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Cereal Crop Ear Counting in Field Conditions Using Zenithal RGB Images
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Early Identification of Crop Type for Smallholder Farming Systems Using Deep Learning on Time-Series Sentinel-2

Haseeb Rehman Khan1, Zeeshan Gillani1,2, Muhammad Hasan Jamal1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Lahore Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

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|February 28, 2023
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Summary

Accurate early crop mapping using remote sensing is crucial for food security. A deep learning model achieved over 93% accuracy for staple crops within four weeks of sowing.

Keywords:
Sentinel-2crop classificationcrop-type mappingdeep learning

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Remote Sensing
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Global food supply chains are vulnerable to climate change and pandemics, impacting food security.
  • Accurate, timely crop maps are essential for food security but often unavailable early in the growing season, especially in developing nations.
  • Remote sensing for early crop-type identification faces challenges due to smallholder farming and crop diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an accurate, early-stage crop-type mapping method for staple crops.
  • To address the challenge of unavailable crop maps in developing countries during the crucial early growth phases.
  • To support government agencies in ensuring food security through timely agricultural monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A ground-based survey was conducted to collect field coordinates and crop type data.
  • Time-series satellite imagery from Sentinel-2 was acquired for the mapped fields.
  • A deep learning Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network was employed for crop classification.

Main Results:

  • The proposed deep learning model achieved high classification accuracy for staple crops (rice, wheat, sugarcane).
  • Accurate crop mapping was accomplished as early as the first four weeks after sowing, with 93.77% accuracy.
  • The method demonstrated effectiveness in classifying crop types within smallholder farming systems.

Conclusions:

  • The developed remote sensing and deep learning approach enables effective early-stage crop-type mapping.
  • This method can be scaled for large-area applications, particularly benefiting smallholder agricultural systems.
  • Timely crop information supports proactive planning for food availability and security.