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Putative Mitoviruses without In-Frame UGA(W) Codons: Evolutionary Implications.

Andrés Gustavo Jacquat1,2, Martín Gustavo Theumer3,4, José Sebastián Dambolena1,2

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Viruses
|February 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered over 100 new putative mitoviruses using bioinformatics. This finding expands the known diversity of these fungal, plant, and animal viruses and suggests a new ancient lineage, impacting viral taxonomy and evolution.

Keywords:
ArkeomitovirinaeKvaramitovirusLECAMitoviridaeMitovirinaeUGA codonUGG codonevolutionnarna-levioriginpublic databases

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Mycology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Mitoviruses are small, vertically transmitted RNA viruses infecting fungi, plants, and animals.
  • Current taxonomy recognizes 105 species and 4 genera, with recent proposals for new genera.
  • Transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic data are crucial for discovering novel virus sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify new putative mitoviruses through in silico analysis of public databases.
  • To propose taxonomic revisions, including new members for the genus *Kvaramitovirus*.
  • To investigate the evolutionary history and potential impact of newly discovered lineages.

Main Methods:

  • In silico search for mitovirus-like sequences within NCBI databases.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify and characterize novel viral sequences.
  • Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis to infer evolutionary relationships.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of over one hundred new putative mitovirus sequences.
  • Proposal for the inclusion of four new species in the genus *Kvaramitovirus*.
  • Identification of a novel, large, basally divergent lineage (subfamily "Arkeomitovirinae") with 144 members lacking internal UGA codons.

Conclusions:

  • The study significantly expands the known diversity of mitoviruses.
  • The proposed new lineage and taxonomic revisions provide insights into mitovirus evolution.
  • The findings support the existence of an ancient lineage influencing early mitovirus evolutionary history.