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Japanese Encephalitis Enzootic and Epidemic Risks across Australia
Morgan Furlong1,2, Andrew M Adamu1,2, Andrew Hoskins3
1College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
Viruses
|February 28, 2023
Summary
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) poses an expanding threat in Australia. Risk mapping identifies coastal and inland areas, necessitating increased surveillance of JEV vectors and hosts.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Epidemiology
- Geospatial Analysis
Background:
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus endemic to Asia and the Pacific.
- Recent outbreaks in Australia highlight JEV's expanding geographical range.
- Understanding JEV transmission dynamics is crucial for public and animal health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate areas at highest risk of JEV transmission in Australia.
- To combine ecological niche models with population data for risk assessment.
- To inform surveillance strategies for JEV in Australia.
Main Methods:
- Ecological niche modeling of vectors and waterbirds.
- Integration of piggery coordinates and feral pig population density models.
- Application of mathematical and geospatial mapping techniques.
Main Results:
- Identified varying risks of enzootic and/or epidemic JEV transmission across Australian regions.
- Highlighted both coastal and inland areas as potential JEV transmission zones.
- Provided a geospatial framework for JEV risk assessment in Australia.
Conclusions:
- Increased surveillance of waterbirds, feral pigs, and mosquitoes is recommended.
- Focus surveillance efforts in areas with co-located domestic pigs and human populations.
- JEV poses a significant and expanding risk requiring proactive management in Australia.
Keywords:
AustraliaCulex spp.Japanese encephalitis virusecological modellingepidemiological modellingferal pigswaterbirdsMore Related Videos
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