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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Modeling normal bladder injury after radiation therapy.

Sarah L Kerns1, Jacqueline P Williams2,3, Brian Marples3

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

International Journal of Radiation Biology
|February 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation therapy can cause bladder injury, but targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) with inhibitors may reduce this toxicity. This research validates RAS inhibitors as a potential strategy for mitigating radiation-induced bladder damage.

Keywords:
Normal tissue toxicityprediction of normal tissues effectsradioprotectors

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Dr. John Moulder pioneered research into normal tissue responses to radiation, focusing on kidney damage mitigation.
  • Radiation therapy for prostate cancer can lead to normal tissue toxicity, including bladder injury.
  • Clinical genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified genomic biomarkers for normal tissue toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate radiation-induced bladder injury and explore mitigation strategies.
  • To examine the role of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitors in reducing radiation-induced bladder toxicity.
  • To emulate Dr. Moulder's bench-to-bedside research approach by investigating clinical observations in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of research on radiation-induced bladder injury.
  • Preclinical experimental studies using a murine model.
  • CT-image guided irradiation of the bladder with single and fractionated doses.
  • Administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor targeting the RAS.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated radiation-induced functional injury to the bladder in a murine model.
  • Showed that RAS inhibitors can mitigate some measures of radiation-induced bladder toxicity.
  • Findings align with clinical observations from GWAS studies.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation-induced bladder effects share commonalities with kidney effects studied by Dr. Moulder.
  • Targeting the RAS pathway presents a potential strategy for reducing late bladder toxicity.
  • RAS inhibitors show promise in mitigating radiation-induced bladder damage.