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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Immunotherapies: How Do They Work?

Kelly Quercia1, Eugenio Fernandez1,2

  • 1Service d'oncologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.

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|March 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cells show promise but benefit only some patients. Future research must focus on understanding resistance mechanisms to personalize cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Cancer-Immunity CycleCycle cancer-immunitéImmun-Checkpoint-InhibitorenImmuntherapienKrebs-Immunitäts-Zyklusanticorps bispécifiquesbispecific antibodiesbispezifische Antikörpercellular immunotherapiesimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapiesimmunothérapiesimmunothérapies cellulairesinhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaireszelluläre Immuntherapien

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Advances in understanding the immune system have led to novel cancer treatment strategies.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular immunotherapies have transformed cancer care, particularly in hematologic malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of cancer immunotherapies.
  • To highlight the challenges and future directions in the field, focusing on overcoming treatment resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of action for immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and cellular therapies (CARs/TILs).

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and cellular immunotherapies have shown significant efficacy in specific cancer types.
  • A notable fraction of patients does not respond to these advanced immunotherapies, indicating the presence of resistance mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Despite successes, a significant unmet need remains due to treatment resistance.
  • Personalizing immunotherapy by elucidating resistance mechanisms is crucial for improving patient outcomes in oncology.