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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
Published on: April 22, 2019
Immunotherapy and Gastrointestinal Toxicities
Pierre-François Simand1, Nathalie Baudoux1, Thibaud Kössler1
1University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Gastrointestinal toxicities secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors are very frequent. Because in some instances this can be severe or fatal, it is essential to be able to identify immune-related adverse events rapidly. Prompt initiation of systemic immunosuppression can improve outcomes. A biopsy is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis of immune-related adverse events. Moderate or severe irAEs need an interruption of ICI. After the resolution of the toxicities, the rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors must be discussed case by case.
Gastrointestinal toxicities secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors are very frequent. Because in some instances this can be severe or fatal, it is essential to be able to identify immune-related adverse events rapidly. Prompt initiation of systemic immunosuppression can improve outcomes. A biopsy is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis of immune-related adverse events. Moderate or severe irAEs need an interruption of ICI. After the resolution of the toxicities, the rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors must be discussed case by case.
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